Network system, network control method, and signal sender/receiver

ABSTRACT

A network system connects with processes P 1  to P 5  that can mutually send and receive a broadcast message specified with no destination and a message specified with a specific process portion and change their states to parent or child processes. For example, process P 1  is a parent process and processes P 2  to P 4  are child processes. When processes P 1  to P 4  constitute a group, each of child processes P 2  to P 4  stores parent process P 1.  Parent process P 1  stores each of child processes P 2  to P 4  that store itself (P 1 ). When process P 5  in another group is connected, parent process P 1  exchanges a message with process P 5  for negotiation to determine either to be a parent process and change the other to a child process.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a network system for transferringmessages and various types of information among application programs orobjects in a plurality of nodes, a network control method forcontrolling the network system, and a signal sender/receiver connectedto the network system.

2. Prior Art

A conventional network system can transfer messages and various types ofinformation among application programs or objects (referred to as aprocess hereafter for a broader term including all of these) in aplurality of nodes. For example, such a network uses the followingmethod to determine a server or a server process. A process havingcapabilities that can provide a server attempts to find a servercurrently available on the network using a simple broadcast thatspecifies no destinations in the network. When not finding an availableserver, that process itself becomes a server.

Accordingly, when a process (called a client process) other than serverson the network performs some processing, the client process first findsa server process on the network using the above-mentioned broadcast.That client process sends a request to the server process to performnecessary processing.

Determination of a server process using the above-mentioned simplebroadcast is frequently applied, for example, when power is turned onfor a node on the network, when a node is newly connected to thenetwork, or when a node on the network enters a processing instruction.

PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION

As mentioned above, the conventional network system determines a serverprocess using the simple broadcast without specifying destinations. Itis impracticable to apply the method for determining a server processusing the simple broadcast to a large-scale network that connects morethan tens of thousands of processes because determining the serverprocess requires a long time. In other words, determination of a serverprocess using the simple broadcast is applicable for only a small-scalenetwork with a limited range to search for server processes.

Further, as mentioned above, the conventional network system determinesa server process using the simple broadcast, for example, when power isturned on, when a connection is made to the network, or when aprocessing instruction is entered. If an error occurs on the serverprocess, for example, each client process can be notified of an erroroccurrence on the server process only when a server process isdetermined, namely when power is turned on, when a connection is made tothe network, or when a processing instruction is entered. It isimpossible to early detect the error occurrence on the server process,thus requiring a time delay before recovering the error or starting arecovery action. In other words, each client process is subject torestrictions on network processing until the server process recoversfrom the error.

The present invention takes these situations into consideration. It isan object of the present invention to provide a network system, anetwork control method, and a signal sender/receiver that can flexiblycomply with various network configurations and allow each process tocontinue necessary processing even if a network error occurs.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[Means for Solving the Problems]

A network system according to the present invention can mutually sendand receive a message specified with no destination and a messagespecified with a specific process portion. The network system connectswith a process portion that can change its own state to a first orsecond state. The network system solves the above-mentioned problems bycomprising a first-state process portion that stores a second-stateprocess portion storing the first-state process portion and thesecond-state process portion that stores the only first-state processportion and by using the single first-state process portion.

A network control method according to the present invention can mutuallysend and receive a message specified with no destination and a messagespecified with a specific process portion. The network control methodcontrols a network connecting with a process portion that can change itsown state to a first or second state. The network control method solvesthe above-mentioned problems by allowing a first-state process portionto store the second-state process portion storing the first-stateprocess portion, allowing a second-state process portion to store theonly first-state process portion, and using the single first-stateprocess portion in the network.

A signal sender/receiver according to the present invention comprisesmessage generation means, message analysis means, state control means,and storage means. The message generation means can at least generate amessage specified with a specific destination and a message specifiedwith no destination. The message analysis means receive a message andanalyze its contents. The state control means change the state of thesignal sender/receiver itself to the first or second state depending onwhether another networked apparatus is available and whether anotherapparatus remains in the first or second state. The storage means canstore information about the signal sender/receiver itself and otherapparatuses. The signal sender/receiver solves the above-mentionedproblems as follows. When the only other apparatus in the first statestores information about the signal sender/receiver itself and isconnected to the network, the signal sender/receiver sets its state tothe second state and stores information about the other apparatus in thefirst state. When another apparatus in the second state storesinformation about the signal sender/receiver in the first state and isconnected to the network, the signal sender/receiver stores informationabout the other apparatus in the second state storing information aboutthe signal sender/receiver itself.

As described above, it will be apparent that the network system and thenetwork control method according to the present invention are flexiblyapplicable to various network configurations. Even if a network erroroccurs, each process can continue necessary processing. For providingthese advantageous effects, the first-state process portion stores thesecond-state process portion that stores the first-state processportion. The second-state process portion stores the only first-stateprocess portion. Only one first-state process is available.

The signal sender/receiver according to the present invention isflexibly applicable to various network configurations. Even if a networkerror occurs, each process can continue necessary processing. Forproviding these advantageous effects, when the only other apparatus inthe first state stores information about the signal sender/receiveritself and is connected to the network, the signal sender/receiver setsits state to the second state and stores information about the otherapparatus in the first state. When another apparatus in the second statestores information about the signal sender/receiver in the first stateand is connected to the network, the signal sender/receiver storesinformation about the other apparatus in the second state storinginformation about the signal sender/receiver itself

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an outline configuration of anetwork system as an embodiment to which the network system and thenetwork control method according to the present invention are applied.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing how a process becomes a parent or childprocess.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing a flow of processing for a processconnected to another process, each of these processes belonging to oneof two groups.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing a flow of processing in a parent processthat receives a message about a parent process in another group from achild process in an own group.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing a flow of processing for the childprocess when the parent process changes to a child process to generate anew parent process.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing a flow of processing for the parentprocess when it cannot determine existence of the child process due toan error.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing a flow of processing for the childprocess when it cannot determine existence of the parent process due toan error.

FIG. 8 shows a flow of operations for a child process in the parentprocess state.

FIG. 9 shows a flow of operations for a process in the child processstate.

FIG. 10 shows a flow of negotiation operations for determining a newparent process among parent processes.

FIG. 11 shows a basic table structure each process should store forproviding a copy operation.

FIG. 12 shows a flow of copy operations.

FIG. 13 shows a basic table structure each process should store foraccessing each process service.

FIG. 14 shows a table example comprising service identifiers, addresses,and port numbers.

FIG. 15 shows a table example when each process shares information.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Preferred Embodiments of theInvention

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail, withreference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an outline configuration of a network system as anembodiment to which the network system, the network control method, andthe signal sender/receiver according to the present invention areapplied.

In FIG. 1, the network system according to the embodiment of the presentinvention comprises processes P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5, nodes A1, A2, A3,A4, and A5 (such as a computer having a signal send/receive capabilityand the like), bus-type network segments B1 and B2, and a one-to-oneconnection segment B3. Processes P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5 can performvarious types of processing such as providing information and services.Nodes A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5 are provided with processes P1, P2, P3, P4,and P5. All of these components constitute a network that can transmitmessages.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a network system comprising networks N1, N2,and N3 that are combined to form a single network. Network N1 comprisesprocesses P1, P2, and P3 (nodes A1, A2, and A3) connected to bus-typesegment B1. Network N2 comprises processes P3 and P4 (nodes A3 and A4)connected to bus-type segment B2. Network N3 comprises processes P4 andP5 (nodes A4 and A5) connected to one-to-one connection segment B3.

For this network system, messages must be correctly routed so thatprocesses in the network can communicate with all the other processes bysending or receiving messages.

Each process can send information about its address, feature,specification, operational state, and the like (called a feature and thelike as needed) as a message to other processes on the network. Whenreceiving information about the feature and the like as a message fromthe other processes, each process can store information about thefeature and the like received from the other processes. When the featureand the like change in the process, each process can send a messageabout that change to the other processes. When a process receives themessage about a change in the feature and the like, the process changes(updates) the already stored information about features and the like forthe other processes in response to that message. Each process can copyor transfer information about addresses or features and the like for theother processes. When each process detects a process whose existence isunidentifiable due to an error, the process can delete information aboutthe address or the feature and the like for that process from thestorage.

Each process on the network can manage information about addresses,features and the like for all the other processes in the network. Eachprocess can also allow the other processes to manage information aboutaddresses, features and the like for all die other processes in thenetwork. The following description uses terms: parent and childprocesses. A parent process manages information about addresses,features and the like for all the other processes in the network. Achild process is subject to management of the corresponding parentprocess with respect to the address, the feature and the like. States ofparent and child processes may change depending on message exchangeswith the other processes or other factors. Initially, all processes areparent processes.

The parent process stores that it is a parent process. The child processstores that it is a child process. The child process stores one parentprocess. The parent process stores all child processes that store theparent process itself In FIG. 1, suppose that only network N1 is formed.It comprises processes P1, P2, and P3 connected to bus-type segment B1.Also suppose that process P1 is a parent process and that processes P2and P3 are child processes. Process P1 stores that it is a parentprocess and that processes P2 and P3 are child processes. Processes P2and P3 store that they are child processes and that process P1 is aparent process.

A plurality of processes (including child and parent processes) storingthe same parent process constitutes a single group. In FIG. 1, supposethat there is only a network that is a combination of networks N1 andN2. Networks N1 and N2 comprise processes P1, P2, P3, and P4 connectedto bus-type segments B1 and B2. Also suppose that process P1 is a parentprocess and that processes P2, P3, and P4 are child processes. Theseprocesses P1, P2, P3, and P4 form a single group. Initially, asdescribed above, all processes are parent processes. Each of allprocesses independently forms a specific group in an initial state.

Each child process belonging to the same group copies information suchas its address, feature, specification, operational state and the liketo the parent process in the same group. Accordingly, the parent processcan maintain information such as addresses, features and the like aboutall child processes in the corresponding group. Further, the parentprocess can copy the stored information such as addresses, features andthe like to all child processes the parent process itself stores. Achild process in the group can access the parent process in the samegroup to obtain all the information the parent process maintains.Accordingly, processes in a given group can share various types ofinformation maintained by each process in the same group. All processesin the same group can own all the information for each process in thesame group. In addition, each process has information that describesmeans for accessing services the process itself provides. In the samemanner as described above, this access information can be also copied toall processes. Therefore, all processes in the same group can accessservices of the other processes in that group. Even if various errorsoccur or the network configuration changes, each process in the samegroup can share various types of information and can access otherprocesses in that group.

It is possible to broadcast messages between processes in the samegroup. The message broadcasting is unavailable for a process that didnot belong to the group and is newly connected to the group or for anetworked process that does not belong to the same group. It is onlypossible to exchange messages specified with addresses. In FIG. 1,suppose that processes P1, P2, P3, and P4 form a group. When process P5is newly connected to process P4 and does not belong to the group yet,for example, it is possible to broadcast messages among processes P1,P2, P3, and P4. However, only exchanging address-specified messages isavailable between process P5 and one of processes P1, P2, P3, and P4.

Suppose that a process is newly connected to a group and does not belongto that group. All processes already belonging to the group can send amessage indicating the parent process of this group to the process thatis newly connected to the group and does not belong to that group.

When a connection is made between processes each of which belongs to oneof two different groups, each connected process sends a messageindicating the parent process of the associated group to the process inthe destination group. When receiving this message from thecorresponding process, the other process transfers that message to theparent process of the associated group. In FIG. 1, suppose that a groupcomprises parent process P1 and child processes P2 and P3 and thatanother group comprises parent process P5 and child process P4. When anew connection is made between processes P3 and P4, for example, processP3 sends to process P4 a message indicating parent process P1 of thegroup to which process P3 belongs. Process P4 sends to process P3 amessage indicating parent process P5 of the group to which process P4belongs. When receiving from process P4 the message indicating parentprocess P5 of the group, process P3 transfers that message to parentprocess P1 of the group to which process P3 belongs. Similarly, whenreceiving from process P3 the message indicating parent process P1 ofthe group, process P4 transfers that message to parent process P5 of thegroup to which process P4 belongs.

As described above, when receiving a message indicating existence of theparent process for the other group, each parent process exchanges themessage with the other parent process. Then, either parent processchanges to a child process. In FIG. 1, suppose that process P1 is aparent process for one group and that process P5 is a parent process forthe other group. After processes P1 and P5 exchange messages, eitherchanges to a child process. There can be various factors to determinewhich parent process should be a child process. For example, the parentprocess that can be a child process may contain the smaller number ofchild processes belonging to the group or have less intelligent featuresthan the other parent process.

When the parent process becomes a child process due to a connectionbetween two different groups, that parent process makes a new parentprocess known to all child processes the parent process storescurrently. The parent process transfers information about all thesechild processes to a new parent process. In FIG. 1, suppose that processP1 is a parent process for one group and that process P5 is a parentprocess for the other group. When process P5 changes to a child process,process P5 sends to child process P4 a message indicating that processP1 will become a new parent process. Process P5 also sends to process P1a message containing various types of information such as the addressand the feature and the like of process P5 itself and the address andthe feature and the like of process P4.

As described above, when the parent process in the group changes to achild process, another child process receives a message indicating a newparent process from that parent process. This child process stores thenew parent process and notifies it of the feature and the like of thechild process itself by sending a message. Thus, the child process isstored in the new parent process. In FIG. 1, suppose that process P5 isa parent process and process P4 is a child process. When process P5notifies process P4 that process P1 is a new parent process, process P4stores the new parent process P1 and notifies it of the feature and thelike of process P4 itself by sending a message. Consequently, parentprocess P1 stores P4 as a child process.

When two different groups are connected and the parent process in onegroup changes to a child process, the parent process in the other groupstores processes in its own group and the other group as childprocesses. In this case, these two groups are integrated into one group.Unifying groups makes it possible to broadcast messages specified withno destinations among processes originally belonging to differentgroups.

For example, the parent process becomes incapable of identifyingexistence of a child process in the group due to occurrence of an errorand the like in the group. In this case, the parent process removes thechild process whose existence is unidentifiable from the storage. InFIG. 1, suppose that process P1 is a parent process and process P5 is achild process. For example, an error occurs on one-to-one connectionsegment B3 (network N3). Alternatively, parent process P1 cannotcommunicate with child process P5 because process P5 is disconnectedfrom the network. In these situations, parent process P1 removes childprocess P5 from child processes stored in parent process P1.

When a child process cannot identify existence of the parent processstored in that child process due to an error in the group, for example,the child process is assumed to leave itself from the associated group.Similarly to an initial state, the child process forms a specific groupand becomes a parent process. In FIG. 1, suppose that process P1 is aparent process and process P5 is a child process. For example, processP5 cannot communicate with parent process P1 because an error occurs onone-to-one connection segment B3 (network N3), or because process P5 isdisconnected from the network. In these situations, process P5 forms aspecific group and becomes a parent process.

As described above, the network system according to this embodimentpromptly resumes a state in which only one parent process is availablewithin a group. In the network system according to this embodiment,there may be cases where an error occurs on the network in the group, anerror is corrected to restore the network to normal, or the networkconfiguration is modified to change the network environment. In any ofthese cases, the network system can comply with a new environment andpromptly resumes a state in which only one parent process is availablewithin a group. When only one parent process becomes available in agroup, all child processes in the group store a single parent process.The parent process stores all child processes. In FIG. 1, suppose thatprocess P1 is a parent process and the other processes P2, P3, P4, andP5 are child processes. Parent process P1 stores all child processes P2,P3, P4, and P5. Each of child processes P2, P3, P4, and P5 storesprocess P1 as the parent process.

The above description has outlined basic operations of the networksystem according to the embodiment of the present invention. Theseoperations can be represented in flow charts in FIGS. 2 to 7.

FIG. 2 provides a basic operation of the network system according to theembodiment of the present invention. Specifically, when a process isconnected to the network or is powered on, for example, FIG. 2 shows aflow of processing until the associated process becomes a parent orchild process.

In FIG. 2, a process is connected to the network or is powered on atstep S1. Execution is passed to step S2 to check if there is a parentprocess in the network. The decision of step S2 is based on whether thegroup contains a process other than the current one or whether anotherprocess in the group issues a message indicating existence of a parentprocess.

When step S2 determines that a parent process already exists, step S3identifies that the current process is a child process. Step S4 tofollow notifies the parent process of information about the currentprocess such as the feature and the like by sending a message.

When step S2 determines that no other parent process exists, step S5broadcasts to other processes in the network that the current process isa parent process.

Then, step S6 receives a message containing information about otherchild processes such as features and the like from each child process inthe network. Step S7 creates a group of processes in the network.

FIG. 3 provides a basic operation of the network system according to theembodiment of the present invention. Specifically, when a connection ismade between processes either of which belongs to one of two differentgroups, for example, FIG. 3 shows a flow of processing for the connectedprocess.

In FIG. 3, when a connection is made between processes either of whichbelongs to one of two different groups, the connected process at stepS11 receives a message indicating the parent process for the other groupfrom a process in the other group.

After receiving the message indicating the parent process in the othergroup at step S11, the process at step S12 transfers that message to theparent process in its own group.

FIG. 4 provides a basic operation of the network system according to theembodiment of the present invention. Specifically, FIG. 4 shows a flowof processing for the parent process, for example, when it receives amessage indicating the parent process in the other group from a childprocess in the own group.

At step S21 in FIG. 4, the parent process receives a message indicatingthe parent process in the other group from a child process in the owngroup. At step S22, that parent process receiving the message exchangesmessages with the parent process in the other group.

At step S23, the parent process determines whether this parent processitself or the parent process in the other group should be the finalparent process. The decision can be made by comparing the number ofchild processes or the levels of features and the like.

When step S23 allows the current parent process to be the parent processin the own group, execution is passed to step S27 and the subsequentsteps. When step S23 allows the parent process in the other group to bethe parent process in the own group, execution is passed to step S24 andthe subsequent steps.

When step S23 allows the parent process in the other group to be theparent process in the own group, the current parent process changes to achild process at step S24. At step S25, this process sends a messageindicating a new parent process (parent process in the other group) toeach of child processes formerly stored in itself.

When step S23 allows the current parent process to be the parent processin the own group, it becomes the parent process for a new groupcomprising two groups at step S26. Then at step S27, the parent processreceives messages from child processes (those that belonged to the othergroup) newly added to the group and stores information about theseprocesses.

FIG. 5 provides a basic operation of the network system according to theembodiment of the present invention. Specifically, FIG. 5 shows a flowof processing for a child process, for example, when the child processis placed under control of a new parent process after the parent processof the group for this child process changes to a child process.

At step S41 in FIG. 5, the process receives a message about a new parentprocess from the parent process the child process itself stored. Thatprocess receiving the message stores a new parent process at step S42.

Then at step S43, this process sends information about itself such asits feature and the like to the new parent process and allows the newparent process to store itself as a child process.

FIG. 6 provides a basic operation of the network system according to theembodiment of the present invention. Specifically, FIG. 6 shows a flowof processing for the parent process, for example, when it cannot verifyexistence of a child process in the group due to an error therein.

At step S51 in FIG. 6, the parent process checks if it is possible toconfirm existence of all child processes in the group to which theparent process belongs. When the parent process can confirm theexistence of all child processes in the group, the processingterminates. When the parent process cannot confirm existence of a childprocess, execution proceeds to step S52.

When the parent process determines that there is a child process whoseexistence cannot be confirmed at step S51, the parent process removesthat child process from the storage at step S52.

FIG. 7 provides a basic operation of the network system according to theembodiment of the present invention. Specifically, FIG. 7 shows a flowof processing for a child process, for example, when it cannot verifyexistence of the parent process stored in that child process due to anerror in the group.

At step S61 in FIG. 7, a child process checks if it is possible toconfirm existence of the parent process in the group to which that childprocess belongs. When the child process can confirm the existence of theparent process in the group, the processing terminates. When the childprocess cannot confirm existence of the parent process, executionproceeds to step S62.

When the child process cannot confirm existence of the parent process atstep S61, the child process forms a specific group and becomes theparent process in that group at step S62.

The above description provides several basic operations of the networksystem according to the embodiment of the present invention using flowcharts in FIGS. 2 to 7. It is also possible to express these operationsof the network system according to the embodiment of the presentinvention using a technique that complies with the C language in FIGS. 8to 10. An originally single sequence of codes is divided into theseFIGS. 8 to 10 for readability.

In FIG. 8, the process is a parent process. FIG. 8 shows a flow ofprocessing in which the parent process sends a message to otherprocesses and changes to a child process or an intermediate state inresponse to a received message or an error occurrence. In FIG. 9, theparent process is placed in an intermediate state in which the parentprocess is exchanging messages with the parent process in the othergroup. FIG. 9 shows a flow of processing in which the parent processsends messages to other processes and changes to a child or parentprocess in response to a received message or an error occurrence. InFIG. 10, the process is a child process. FIG. 10 shows a flow ofprocessing in which the child process transfers a message to the parentprocess, sends a message to other processes, or changes to a parentprocess in response to a received message or an error occurrence.

The following describes arguments, operations, and functions used inFIGS. 8 to 10.

Processes use the following messages. Each message requires zero or morearguments.

The M_NOTIFY addr message is used for unidirectionally notifying otherprocesses of the own parent process address. The addr argument indicatesthe parent process address. This notification occurs at a, given timeperiodically. When a plurality of processes is available, for example,the message is broadcast to processes placed in a list of addresses. Fora one-to-one cable connection, the notification is sent to thedestination process.

The parent process uses the M_FORWARD addr message to notify a childprocess that the parent process is changed. The addr argument indicatesa new parent process address.

A child process uses the M_REPORT addr message to notify the parentprocess that the other parent process is available. The addr argumentindicates the other parent process address.

The M_NEGOTIATE addr message is used for determining a new parentprocess between existing parent processes. The addr argument isomissible when it is identifiable according to a sender address and adestination address prefixed to the message.

The parent process sends the M_IAM addr message to the other parentprocess to declare that the message-sending process is a new parentprocess. The addr argument indicates a new parent process address. Theaddr argument is omissible when it is identifiable according to a senderaddress and a destination address prefixed to the message.

The M_YOUARE message is used to declare to the other parent process thatthe message-sending process is a new child process.

The M_BUSY message is used to request to retransmit the most recentmessage.

The M_JOIN addr message is used to register a child process in theparent process. The addr argument is omissible when it is identifiableaccording to a sender address and a destination address prefixed to themessage.

In addition to reception of the above-mentioned messages; the followingevents occur internally.

E_ERROR indicates that an error occurred.

E_TIMTEOUT indicates that a specified time has elapsed after a specificmessage is received or an event occurs.

The system maintains any of the following states.

S_PARENT indicates a state in which a parent process is active.

S_NEGOTIATING indicates a state in which neither a parent process nor achild process is active.

S_CHILD indicates a state in which a child process is active.

The system uses the following internal variables.

P indicates a parent process address.

C[] indicates a plurality of child process addresses.

M indicates an own process address (constant).

S indicates the current state.

E indicates the most recently received message or the most recentlygenerated event.

The following operations are defined.

-   -   send<destination><message> . . . indicates that message        <message> . . . is to be sent to <destination>. When a plurality        of <destination> is available, the message is sent to each of        these destinations.    -   broadcast<message> . . . indicates that message <message> . . .        is to be broadcast.    -   add_C<addr> indicates that <addr> is to be added to C[].    -   empty_C indicates that C[] is to be emptied.    -   assign_P<addr> indicates that value P is to be replaced by        <addr>.    -   trans<state> indicates that state S is to be changed to <state>.    -   wait indicates that the system waits until a message is received        or until an event occurs. The received message or the generated        event is stored in E.    -   ignore indicates that the system does nothing.

The following function is defined.

-   -   decide(<a>,<b>) indicates that <a> or <b> is to be selected and        returned.

The following shows possible enhancements of the network systemaccording to the embodiment of the present invention.

Examples include:

-   -   Detecting a communication error with the parent process using a        ping (program to issue a response request to the destination        host using ICMP that is one of high-level IP protocols) and a        timeout condition that takes effect due to no response after a        specified interval;    -   Detecting a communication error with the parent process by means        of a disconnection from TCP/IP (Transmission Control        Protocol/Internet Protocol);    -   Detecting a communication error with the parent process by        detecting a carrier signal;    -   Detecting a communication error with child processes and        removing a child process that caused an error from C[];    -   Checking message source addresses and ignoring invalid ones;    -   Protecting the system against an unauthorized access using the        check facility such as a password;    -   Providing messages with group identifiers to determine the        parent process for each group;    -   Allowing a single process to participate in a plurality of        groups;    -   Using a one-way notification to a specific address in addition        to broadcasting;    -   Providing a hierarchical relationship among parent and child        processes;    -   Improving an unreliable communication such as UDP; and    -   Changing a timeout condition according to the contents of        received units such as packets or transmitted packets.

The following describes a copy facility for copying information betweenprocesses.

To copy information, each process uses messages in the followingformats.

Message formats to be used are M_CORPY addr <information> and M_DELETEaddr. In these messages, addr indicates a copy source address.

In this case, each process stores information using a table shown inFIG. 11.

In this table, addr indicates a copy source process address. D[] is alist of processes whose information is copied. The use of D[] helpsdetermine whether the information is already copied.

As shown in FIG. 12, a flow of the copy facility can be expressed usinga technique that complies with the C language. FIG. 12 shows a flow ofprocessing in which information is copied from a child process to theparent process and from the parent process to all child processes.

The following shows possible enhancements of the copy facility accordingto the embodiment of the present invention.

Examples include:

-   -   Allowing a child process to discard unnecessary information        without storing it out of information copied from the parent        process;    -   Allowing a child process to notify the parent process of        necessary information beforehand to prevent unnecessary        information from being sent to the M_COPY message; and    -   Improving modification of information by sending process        information using a plurality of M_COPY messages instead of        sending the information at a time using a single M_COPY message.

The following describes addresses and the like used for an accessbetween processes.

Using means for accessing services, processes providing services canshare information comprising a service identifier, an address, and aport number as shown in FIG. 13 by storing this information in a table.

More specifically, processes share information by storing a tablecomprising a service identifier, an address, and a port number as shownin FIG. 14. In FIG. 14, the service identifier uses a character string.The process address and port number correspond to the TCP/IP address andport number, respectively. FIG. 14 shows an example of the table thatprovides a WWW (World Wide Web) service, a file service, and a printservice. Service identifiers for these services are WWW-service,file-service, and print-service, respectively. Pairs of the TCP/IPaddress and port number address for these services correspond to192.168.1.1 and 80, 192.168.1.1 and 2049. and 192.168.1.1 and 515.

When processes share that information, each process uses a table shownin FIG. 15. As described above, addr in FIG. 15 indicates a copy sourceaddress. Corresponding to this addr, a service identifier, an address,and a port number are provided. The contents of service identifiers,addresses, and port numbers are same as those for FIG. 14.

As described above, in the network system according to the embodiment ofthe present invention, a possible attempt is made to copy informationabout each process such as the address, the feature and the like to asingle point such as a parent process. This single point (parentprocess) can be used to manage situations of the entire system. Further,in the network system according to the embodiment of the presentinvention, it is possible to copy information about each process such asthe address, the feature and the like to as many processes as possible.Accordingly, each process can always keep track of information abut theother processes. In the network system according to the embodiment ofthe present invention, each process can always keep track of a list ofavailable services and access it. In addition, the network systemaccording to the embodiment of the present invention can automaticallyand promptly take action against an error occurrence or a change in thenetwork configuration for continued system processing.

1. A network system having a plurality of network segments andsending/receiving apparatus connected to the network system, the networksystem comprising: a plurality of process portions for informationprocessing that connect the network segments and that can change theirstates to either of first and second states, the plurality of processportions including: only one first-state process portion that storesinformation of a second-state process portion; and each second-stateprocess portion stores information of the only one first-state processportion, wherein there is only one process portion in the first statewithin a first group and a second group, which is determined byexchanging messages between the first-state process of the first groupand the first-state process portion of the second group, and a thirdgroup consists process portions of the first group and process portionsof the second group, wherein the process portion determined as thefirst-state process portion remains in the first state and the processportion not determined are changed into the second state.
 2. The networksystem according to claim 1 characterized in that: multiple second-stateprocess portions share information about each other, wherein one of themultiple second-state process portions in a group copies informationabout itself to the first-state process portion, and anothersecond-state process portion reads information about that second-stateprocess portion from the first-state process portion.
 3. The networksystem according to claim 2 characterized in that: informationdescribing information for accessing process portions is copied to thefirst-state process portion for sharing the information describinginformation for accessing process portions among the plurality ofprocess portions.
 4. The network system according to claim 1characterized in that: the network system allows process portions tomutually send and receive the message specified with no destination andthe message specified with a specific process portion in a groupcomprising the first-state process portion and a second-state processportion storing the only first-state process portion, and the networksystem allows process portions in different groups to send and receiveonly the message specified with a specific process portion. 5-18.(canceled)
 19. A signal sending/receiving apparatus connected to anetwork system having a plurality of network segments, the apparatuscomprising: a process portion, wherein said process portion ischaracterized by: a state control function to change the process portionto a first or second state depending on whether another process portionin a group is available or not and i is in the first or second state,wherein the group is made up of a plurality of process portionconnecting one or more network segements and only the one processportion in the group is in the first state and the other processportions in the group are in the second state; and a storage function tostore information about the process portion and other process portionsin the group, wherein the first-state process portion stores informationof the second-state process portions and each of the second-stateprocess portions stores information of the first-state process portion;wherein there is only one process portion in the first state within afirst group and a second group, which is determined by exchangingmessages between the first-state process portion of the first group andthe first-state process portion of the second group, and a third groupconsists of process portions of the first group ad process portions ofthe second group, wherein the process portion determined as thefirst-state process portion remains in the first state and the processportions not determined are changed into the second state.
 20. Thesignal sending/receiving apparatus according to claim 19 characterizedin that: the process portion copies information about itself to the onlyother first-state process portion storing information about the signalsending/receiving apparatus and reads information about anothersecond-state process portion stored in the other first-state processportion as required when the other first-state process portion isconnected to the network.
 21. The signal sending receiving apparatusaccording to claim 20 characterized in that: the process portion copiesinformation describing information for accessing other segments of thenetwork system to the other first-state process portion and reads theinformation describing the access information stored in the first-stateprocess portion as required.
 22. The signal process portion according toclaim 21 characterized in that: the process portion can mutually send orreceive the message specified with a specific destination and themessage specified with no destination when the process portion isconnected within a group of the first-state process portion and asecond-state process portion storing the only first-state processportion or can send or receive only the message specified with aspecific destination from a process portion in a different group. 23.The signal sending/receiving apparatus according to claim 22characterized in that: the process portion, when in the first state,exchanges messages with a first-state process portion in another groupto determine the only first-state process portion between the bothgroups.
 24. The signal sending/receiving apparatus according to claim 22characterized in that: the process portion, when in the second state,transfers a message from a first-state process portion in another groupto a first-state process portion in a group to which the process portionbelongs.
 25. The signal sending/receiving apparatus according to claim19 characterized in that: the process portion has an error detectionfunction for detecting communication errors.
 26. The signalsending/receiving apparatus according to claim 25 characterized in that:the process portion, when in the first state, detects a communicationerror with a second-state process portion to remove the second-stateapparatus from the storage function.
 27. The signal sending/receivingapparatus according to claim 25 characterized in that: the processportion, when in the second state, detects a communication error with afirst-state process portion to change the process portion itself to thefirst state.
 28. The signal sending/receiving apparatus according toclaim 19 characterized in that: the process portion has a time lapsedetection function for detecting an elapsed time.
 29. The signalsending/receiving apparatus according to claim 19 characterized in that:the process portion, when in the first state, detects no communicationwith a second-state process portion for a specified period of time toremove the second-state from the storage.